As demand for air travel continues to grow, so are concerns regarding the environmental impacts of aviation. For aircraft, aerodynamic drag represents the main source of energy losses 1. As such, its ...
BDS-Adam optimizer integrating adaptive variance rectification with semi-adaptive gradient smoothing
In this work, an enhanced variant of the Adam optimizer, termed BDS-Adam, is proposed to address two critical limitations of the original Adam algorithm: biased gradient estimation and training ...
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