One of the most important aspects of time series is their degree of stochasticity vs. chaoticity. Since the discovery of chaotic maps, many algorithms have been proposed to discriminate between these ...

Chromosome rearrangement is an important driving force for the generation of new genes, adaptive enhancement, functional gene evolution, and the formation of new species 1,2,3,4,5. Karyotypic changes ...

The second law of thermodynamics is one of those puzzling laws of nature that simply emerges from the fundamental rules. It says that entropy, a measure of disorder in the Universe, must always ...

Entropy also increases in initially ordered quantum systems until it reaches a final state of disorder. Entropy and the direction of time Equating 'entropy' with 'disorder' is not entirely correct.

Looking back a variety of distances corresponds to a variety of times since the Big Bang. Entropy has always increased from any moment to the next, but that doesn't mean that the Big Bang began with ...