"key_insight": "When a large language model under reinforcement learning commits a wrong reasoning step early in a trajectory, standard algorithms force it to keep generating until the maximum horizon ...

Abstract: Like other problems in network tomography or traffic matrix estimation, the location of congested IP links from end-to-end measurements requires solving a system of equations that relate the ...

All processes occurring in living organisms and responsible for performing vitally necessary functions are carried out by coordinated expression of various groups of genes. A gene regulatory network ...

1 On our inability to do much. 4 On the reliability of mechanisms. 8 On our mental aids. 15 An example of a correctness proof. 19 On the validity of proofs versus the validity of implementations. 21 ...

It appears that the free energy minimization principle conflicts with quantum cognition since the former adheres to a restricted view based on experience while the latter allows deviations from such a ...

Background Configurational methods are increasingly being used in health services research. Objectives To use configurational analysis and logistic regression within a single data set to compare ...

In 2012, Hinton and some of his students published a seminal paper which showed that deep neural networks outperformed older models like Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) ...

We demonstrate that a neural network automatically solves, explains, and generates university-level problems from the largest Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) mathematics courses at a human ...

Finite automata are one of the most fundamental models of computation and are taught in almost all undergraduate computer-science curricula. Although automata are typically presented as a theoretical ...