Artificial intelligence moves fast, so the first step in understanding it — and its role in science — is to know the lingo. From basic concepts like “neural networks” and “pretraining” to more ...

The rise of AI, graphic processing, combinatorial optimization and other data-intensive applications has resulted in data-processing bottlenecks, as ever greater amounts of data must be shuttled back ...

Commands in brain-computer interface (BCI) applications often rely on the decoding of event-related potentials (ERP). For instance, the P300 potential is frequently used as a marker of attention to an ...

In life science, protein is an essential building block for life forms and a crucial catalyst for metabolic reactions in organisms. The structures of protein depend on an infinity of amino acid ...

Most people would say Mac Lane invented monoidal categories. But the history is more complicated — as usual. There are actually two questions here: who invented the concept of monoidal category, and ...

Note: Some of the code here is old and was written when I was learning C++. It might be possible that code is not safe or making wrong assumptions. Please use with caution. Pull requests are always ...