The peripheral perfusion index (PI) is derived from pulse oximetry and is defined as the ratio of the pulse wave of the pulsatile portion (arteries) to the non-pulsatile portion (venous and other ...

The majority of current cardiovascular research involves studies in genetically engineered mouse models. The measurement of heart rate is central to understanding cardiovascular control under normal ...

In this Director's Forum, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia warned of whathe sees as the dangers of interpreting the Constitution as a "living"document rather than giving it its original meaning. "The ...